Oct 11, 20212 min read

What is 'Iodine Deficiency Disorder'?| Why it is the most common cause of brain damage in the world?

'Iodine'

is an essential micronutrient of which an average daily intake of 100-150 micrograms is required by the human body for the normal growth and development. Deficiency of iodine results in a number of disorders. Iodine Deficiency Disorder or IDD is the most common cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation in the world. It is also known to cause goiter, decrease child survival and weaken growth & development. In pregnant women, lack of iodine usually causes stillbirths, miscarriages and other complications. Children with Iodine Deficiency Disorders may grow up into listless, stunted, mentally retarded individuals who are incapable of normal movements, speech or hearing.

'Iodine Deficiency Disorder'

Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD), which can start before birth, jeopardize children's mental health and often their very survival. Serious iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and congenital abnormalities such as cretinism, a grave irreversible form of mental retardation. Cretinism usually affects people living in iodine-deficient areas of Africa and Asia. However, of far greater significance is IDD's role in mental impairment that reduces intellectual capacity at home, in school and at work.

It is estimated that over 71 million people suffer from goiter and other Iodine Deficiency Disorders in India. According to a survey conducted by a Directorate General of Health Services, Indian Council of Medical Research and State Health Directorates, "No State in India is free from Iodine Deficiency Disorder. Out of 324 districts surveyed, 263 are endemic - where the prevalence of IDD is more than 10 per cent."

Iodine deficiency is an easy and inexpensive nutrient disorder to prevent. However, the world is facing a major health problem; iodine intake levels are declining, even in countries such as United States. Iodine deficiency affects one of three people worldwide; with two billion people having inadequate iodine intakes. With intake levels decreasing, Iodine Deficiency Disorders may be increasing, affecting fetal development and the brain functioning at peak levels.

A teaspoon of Iodine is all a person requires during his lifetime. However, the thyroid gland does not have the capacity to amass this amount, so small amount of iodine must be eaten regularly through a balanced diet over time. Regular consumption of iodised salt is the best cure of IDD.